Primal Religions Chaper Review Questions

1. Primal religions are called primal because: multiple gods, belief that humans and gods comprise an interdependent universe, magical music, presence in small villages and tribes, closed system, religion of common people, diverse, Individualistic, animated world of spirits, concern for meaning of the present life, concerned with well-being and death, manipulative strategies such as amulets and shamans, and pursuit of a knowledge of the unknown to aid one's present life. 

2. Tribes, territories, culture (human) and landscape, landmarks, and cave paintings (natural

3. The spiritual essence of the Ancestors

4. A totem is an inanimate representation of the Ancestors, or any primal god. 

A taboo is a rule pertaining to a religious act that allows some to participate in it and/or forbids some from participating in it. 

5. Because they reenact and make present the myths which support the Aborigines' unique world. 

6. They are believed to have been taught to the Aboriginals by the Ancestors. 

7. The young learn essential truths about their world and how they are to act in it

8. Knocking out of the front teeth and circumcision

9.  The western regions of Central Africa

10. Orisha-nla first began to create the world there

11. The Yorubas believe in Olorun, the High God and a hots of Orishas, or lesser deities. 

12. Olorun is the high god of the Yoruba tradition, but he is not involved in human affairs. He is the source of the power of the universe. 

13. The orishas are lesser deities that are involved in human affairs and can harm or help humans. 

14. Esu is an orisha who embodies both good and evil and mediates between heaven and earth. Ogun is the god of iron and of war. 

15. A trickster figure is a mischievous supernatural being. 

16. family and deified

17. facilitating communication with a deity or ancestor

18. It is discerning one's future, and knowledge of one's future is considered essential for figuring out how to live one's life. 

19. between 20,000 and 30,000 years ago

20. It is representative of Native American religion in general because of the culture exchange that occurred on the plains due to a common sign language

21. Wakan Tanka is the supreme God and source of the universe (Lakota)

22. Inktomi is the Lakota trickster figure

23. Four souls depart from a person after death, one of which travels the milky way and meets an old woman who judges it and allows it to continue or sends it back to earth as a ghost

24. Spiritual power that will ensure greater worldly success

25. It is an airtight hut of animal skins and saplings and hot stones in the middle with water on them produce steam that purifies the spirit and body with sweat

26. An animal or force of nature arrives and communicates a vision which is interpreted by a medicine man to reveal a truth about that person's life. 

27. a woman

28. The center of the world. the tree in the center of the sundance hut

29. As a sacrifice to the supreme being. 

30. It occurred in a highly developed civilization with 15 million people, and it was in an urban area

31. Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

32. Quetzalcoatl

33. He was the priest-king during the Toltec age that provided the Aztecs with a role model for their authority figures.

34. It was the fifth age that would end with a destruction of this age and an end to all time

35. They saw the world as emanating out from one point and emphasized the four cardinal directions and the center. 

36. Because each person was imbued with such powerful cosmic energy in the head and heart

37. They could communicate with the gods and make offerings through language

38. Cortez arrived on the day that Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl was expected to return to Earth and they were thought to be the same person. 

39. The aztecs used to perform a similar ritual to the popular day of the dead

40. totemism, taboo, the trickster figure, the vision quest, and the axis mundi.