1. God's infinite mercy and forgiveness are shown in the woman's love for the girl. If we sin and repent to God, he will always grant us forgiveness and we will start anew. This correlates to the woman's interaction with the girl. The girl has sinned in the eyes of society (and God) but she is repentant to the woman. She genuinely feels remorse for her actions and promises to be a good girl. The woman unquestioningly acknowledges this and trusts that the girl will learn with time.
2. The woman means that she saved him from sin and Satan. She did this through baptism. By baptizing him in his very few seconds of life, she gave him new life in God. The child received the holy spirit because of her. This action saved him from our world and the original sin associated with being born into it. If he had not been baptized, he would not have had the time or ability to commit any sins, true, but he would be tainted with original sin as all humans are. He would not have been truly one of the Lord's.
3. The purpose of the description is to show the woman's grace. The author has her praying the rosary, referring to the sun as holy fire, thinking of her family before herself, and modestly deflecting a "thank you" for her child saving abilities. She is proved a devout, god-fearing, unselfish, and graceful woman by this description. The purpose of this section is to develop her character and provide an example of a true Christian to the reader: a dutiful, intelligent woman that supports her beliefs by her actions, both small and large.
P.S. - I think this story also says something about marriage - she clearly feels little to no love for her husband, only referring to the man as "himself", but yet she is still married to him, likely because she respects the sacrament andS institution of marriage.
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